Telephone Support for President Reagan (1985) by Ken Barbi

 

Telephone Support for President Reagan
President Reagan in the Oval Office
Type Of Activity	Presidential Travel Support
Location
Location	Travel communications support
Date of Activity	1985
Coordinates

Telephone Support for President Reagan                                                                                                                by Kenneth W. Barbi KC3OYM kenbarbi@verizon.net                                                                                                                   (WHCA Trip Officer 1983 - 1986)

SECURE VOICE

The White House Communications Agency (WHCA) provided secure voice telephone support on the 18 Acre White House Grounds, and at all Trip Sites for President Reagan.  Our secure switchboard was called Cartwheel - - a water tower (Figure 1) - - located in Ft. Reno Park, Washington, DC.  When we visited the site, we could not wear uniforms nor could we have a military-base sticker on our car.  The STU-I (Figures 2 and 3) we used in 1984 was cumbersome.  A STU-I used data transfer speeds of 2400 to 4800 BPS over standard dial-up telephone lines, cost $35,000 per set, and had a weight of 250 pounds.

Washington secure phones and trip site secure phones would connect directly through standard analog telephone lines to Cartwheel for calls.  We did not have multiple trip site STU-I phones because there was only one unit deployed on each trip.

                                        Cartwheel Water Tower- The WHCA Secure Switchboard Facility                                                 Photo from John Cross' whcacannonball.blogspot.com

Figure 2. STU - I Instrument   

Photo from the Crypto Museum

Figure 3. STU - I Hardware with Instrument On Top of Cabinet

Photo from the Crypto Museum

By 1986, we were using the new STU-III phones (Figures 4 and 5). They came in two colors - white and black. WHCA personnel had them in their homes with a White House security key for their work.  Both styles encoded voice into analog signals for transmission over copper wire on standard dial-up telephone lines. The STU-III was very easy to install anywhere where there was a standard telephone line.

                                                                                           Figure 4. STU - III Phone                                                                                       Photo from the Crypto Museum

                                                                   Figure 5. President Reagan on a STU - III                                                            Phone Official White House Photo

CELLULAR PHONES

The only cellular phones at WHCA in the 1980's were the Motorola "Get Smart shoe size" DynaTAC 8000X phones (Figure 6) used as part of the original cellular feasibility study.  There was only service in Washington, and WHCA participated in that feasibility study  They never had a Presidential support role.  At the time, it was believed cellular phones were not reliable (having a 30 minute talk time and 10 hour recharge time), and not secure.  Cellular phones remained that way for some time, but thankfully are now secure and reliable. 

Figure 6. Original Motorola DynaTAC 8000X Cell Phone 

PAGING SYSTEM

In town and on the road, WHCA had a Motorola Paging System located at the Old Executive Office Building (EOB) Switchboard and at the Trip Site Hotel Command Post.  Both White House and WHCA Staff members were assigned a Motorola Pageboy II Pager (Figure 7).  The system worked very well although women had difficulty wearing the devices, as their clothing styles generally had no belts to clip them on, and they often fell from where they were clipped.

Figure 7. Motorola Pageboy II Pager

NON-SECURE VOICE

In the 1980's, our primary voice communications was non-secure analog voice over the same copper wire standard dial-up telephone lines we used for secure voice.

At the White House, there were two switchboards.  One was run by White House civilian staff operators for the public to call.  The other was the WHCA "Signal Board" for official use and for foreign governments to use to get in touch with the principals.  This latter facility (referred to as CROWN) was also the White House VHF, UHF, Nationwide, and the Motorola Paging System main control.  Nationwide was a UHF CONUS full duplex Air/Ground radio connection to Air Force One operated by WHCA, and supported by AT&T ground radios throughout the United States.  It operated on 415.7/407.85 MHz and was code named "Echo Foxtrot".  The Chesapeake & Potomac (C&P) Telephone company had a Number 5 Crossbar Switch (Figure 8) in the basement of the Old EOB next to the WHCA switchboard operator's room which provided phone service to all offices on the 18 Acre White House Complex - - our personal Centrex.  The Signal Board was a bank of "cord boards" where our operators knew at all times where the President was (and what phone to forward calls to) after they VETTED the caller.

Figure 8. C&P Number 5 Crossbar Switch

President Reagan never dialed a single number.  If he picked up the phone to call someone, our operators always answered by saying "yes please" because he might have been on a different phone or it might have been someone else, so they always wanted to be polite.  He might ask to speak to an old college buddy - John Smith - who he had never called before.  Through some sort of magic, our operators would figure out who John Smith was, where he was, his phone number, and get him on the line! 

When wife, Nancy, called, it went right through.  If any foreign leader or head of state called, it went right through, albeit, a bit slower, because those kind of calls got allot of senior staff attention.  An interesting event occurred once when I was out of town. My wife called the Signal Board and asked to talk to me because our cat was stuck atop a tree in Annapolis, Maryland, where I lived.  The Signal Board operator immediately found me in Santa Barbara, California, and routed the call to me to help her - - WHCA is a family!

At Trip Sites, before the AT&T divestiture, things were easy because our AT&T representative would deal with all the individual companies.  We had an AT&T Washington Headquarters representative travel with us on trips.  Our central command post hub was a portable leased Dimension PBX (Figure 9) that was set up in a bedroom at the hotel where the White House Staff, Secret Service, WHCA, and the President stayed.

Figure 9. AT&T Dimension PBX

Setting up voice communications became trickier after the divestiture or if we were overseas.   US Telephone Company (Telco) contacts were identified to us in Washington before we left. The regional Telcos were used to our needs, but foreign telephone providers (often official government entities) were amazed at what we required.

In our hotel bedroom Command Post next to our Secure Communications Center, we had the trip city VHF radio command console, connected by Telco dry-pair copper to all the repeaters our radio teams had set up.  Dry-pairs are just wires with no battery and ground applied from the Telco central office. By 1985, everybody carried a Motorola Digital Encryption Standard (DES) secure VHF radio connected to their appropriate functional network. Prior to that, our radio nets were not secure which the press loved.  The press was really upset when we added the DES.

The Dimension Trip Site Switchboard would have one local published number with multiple central office trunk lines, one non-published number for emergency use (which Trip Officers could connect remotely from any phone such as a public coin-operated or private phone by dialing our access code to get full telephone connectivity for the President), trunk tie lines to other Trip Sites if it was a regional swing, and numerous trunk tie lines back to Washington.  To call a Trip Site Extension, you would dial the three digit number.  To call a Washington Extension you would dial 45 - wait for a dial tone - then dial your number.  To call the White House Signal Switchboard, you would dial 8. To call a local number, you would dial 9 - wait for a dial tone - then dial.  For long distance or the Trip Site Switchboard, you would dial 0.

Beyond that, Telephone Companies had their hands full.  We ordered dedicated analog dry-pair circuits from the Dimension Trip Site Switchboard to every phone we wanted in town.  Most trips had over 100 lines.  The Dimension provided the battery and ground to operate these instruments.  There were many phone lines to the airport for Air Force One's arrival, emergency medical facilities where the President might have to be taken, event sites, holding rooms, under bleacher seats at sports venues, Marine One landing locations, White House Staff/Secret Service Agent/WHCA Personnel hotel rooms, event halls, and McDonald's Restaurants (if the President planned to eat a Big Mac).

Western Electric 500 Series phones (Figure 10) were installed.  It was a large grid of copper connected spoke and hub, which usually took a week or more to set up. Every line had to tested, and have a phone plugged into it.  After the trip, we had to go out and reclaim every one of the phones.  Woe to someone who absconded with a WHCA phone.

 Figure 10. Western Electric 500 Series WHCA Telephone with Appropriate 

Labels shown in Figure 12 at a Parsippany, NJ, Trip Site

Occasionally, we would have to commandeer a public coin-operated or private phone to establish a connection to the Dimension Trip Site Switchboard for the President should he stop somewhere unexpectedly.  We placed this label (Figure 11) on the phone to protect it from getting hung up, and left it off-hook lying there ready for use.

Figure 11. DO NOT HANG UP LABEL from a Trip Officer Trip Book

We carried roles of labels (Figure 12) to affix to phones.

Figure 12. Roles of Labels for Any Occasion

We had what many called a Bluff Label (shown in a role at the bottom right of the above stack) (Figure 13) to discourage theft which did reduce our losses!

Figure 13. Bluff Label

AIR FORCE ONE TELEPHONE SERVICE

Air Force One is operated by the 89th Airlift Wing of the United States Air Force at Joint Base Andrews.  Whenever Air Force One landed, the plane - then a VC-137C Boeing 707-353B tail number 27000 - was met by a WHCA Trip Officer.  The Trip Officer would plug two land lines (always Extension 201 and 202 connected to the Dimension Trip Site Switchboard) into a small compartment under the cockpit in front of the wheel well of the plane.  This was a job I did many times as depicted in Figure 14.  The President's pilot, USAF Col Robert Ruddick, never wanted a "follow me" truck to meet him at airports.  He was pre-briefed and knew exactly where to taxi to his precise parking spot.  That's where a Trip Officer would stand (the target perhaps) with the plane coming straight at them ready to plug it into the Dimension Trip Site Switchboard.  No one ever got run over!

                      Figure 14. Major Barbi Plugging AF One Immediately After Landing in Cincinnati, Ohio,                                     in Oct 1985 Official White House Photo

The Telco responsible for the lines had to use a then standard Four-Prong Connector (Figure 15) that fit the planes.  The Trip Officer had to make sure it was wired correctly (with no tip/ring reversal) and the lines were in the correct order on the pins.  We always carried spare Four-Prong Connectors just in case the Telco didn't have the correct plug.  It was especially important on overseas trips where they didn't exist.

Figure 15. Four-Prong Two Circuit Phone Plug

The two phone lines would be connected to the on-board communications center (Figure 16) operated by Air Force personnel and made available to everyone on the plane. CMSgt Jimmy Bull and SMSgt Jerry Rankin were President Reagan's operators. Those local "land lines" were a real savior on many occasions for Air Force One according to crew members.

                                     Figure 16. President Reagan Visiting the AF One Communications Center                                                                                with Operators CMSgt Jimmy Bull (left) and SMSgt Jerry Rankin (right)                                               Official White House Photo

CONCLUSION

The telephone element of a Trip Site puzzle was a small piece of the action.  Our gear load filled a C-141 aircraft and took 50 or more WHCA troops to implement.  It still does today and is a marvel to see.  I hope more WHCA personnel will write about their experiences in future postings.

Ken Barbi is an Electrical Engineer and radio amateur KC3OYM who graduated from the City College of New York in 1968.  He received his commission in the Air Force in 1968 and came to WHCA in 1983 as an Air Force Major.  He served as a Plans Officer while in town, and as a Trip Officer on the road.  In the Plans Office, he acquired new Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) Satellite Terminals and was the first to establish commercial Ku-Band satellite support for the President.  He retired after 26 years in the Air Force as a Colonel from the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), and now (as when assigned to WHCA) lives in Annapolis, Maryland.

The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Birthplace (est.1990)

 

The Nixon Library and Birthplace
Type Of Activity	Nixon Presidential Library
Location
Location	Yorba Linda CA
Date of Activity	Est, 1990
Coordinates	33°53′21″N 117°49′10″W

In 2023, past and present members of the White House Communications Agency held a reunion at the Nixon Presidential Library and Birthplace. Unfortunately, I could not attend, but I would like to thank everyone for their comments , and to Marty Williams who took the majority of these photographs during a tour of the Library and birthplace.

The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is located in Yorba Linda, California and is a historic site dedicated to the life and presidency of Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States. The Library houses the Nixon Presidential Materials (textual, photographs, sound, and moving images), Nixon White House Tapes, Nixon pre- and post-Presidential Materials, as well as the Museum, Birthplace, and the restored Army One Helicopter.

The museum is housed in a 52,000-square-foot building in the suburbs of Yorba Linda. Opening its doors in 1990, this complex was established to celebrate former President Nixon's accomplishments as a peacemaker and an international statesman. From the humble farmhouse built by his father in 1912, to priceless gifts from heads of state, to the peaceful memorials of the President and Mrs. Nixon, the museum and its beautifully landscaped grounds and gardens trace the long road from Richard Nixon's past. 

According to the Nixon Library, “The Nixon presidential materials collection contains approximately 4,000 separate recordings of broadcast video, nearly 4,500 audio recordings, 30,000 gifts from foreign heads of states, American citizens, and others, 300,000 still photographs, 2 million feet of film, 46 million pages of documents, and 3,700 hours of recorded presidential conversations.”

The U-shaped museum has a reflecting pool in the middle.

The entire facility underwent a $15 million renovation in 2016, and reopened on October 14 2016. The Library now features updated, multimedia museum exhibits; aimed at bringing the country’s 37th president closer to younger generations less familiar with his groundbreaking trip to China or the Watergate scandal. the complex is jointly operated by NARA and the Richard Nixon Foundation.

Wall mural of former President Richard Nixon in the lobby area of the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum

Richard Nixon’s Birthplace

 The library begins with a tour of Richard Nixon's childhood home. This small, white-frame house has been preserved and restored to its original state, allowing visitors to step back in time and see where Nixon was born and spent his early years. Nixon’s birthplace, which was constructed by his father using a home-building kit and restored to appear as it was in 1910 offers a glimpse into the modest beginnings of a man who would become president.

The front entrance to President Richard Nixon’s Birthplace

President Nixon’s Birthplace is located in a slightly secluded setting east of the main building, in a grove of trees. It is a 1+1⁄2 story Craftsman-style bungalow, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. The house was built in 1910 on family ranchland; President Nixon was born there the following year. He and his family stayed there until 1922, when they moved to Whittier, California

  The Rear on the Birthplace

  The piano on which Richard Nixon learned to play.

The Nixon's Living Room 

  In the Kitchen as it was in 1910

The Presidents Bedroom

The 1968 Election

The library provides a comprehensive timeline of Nixon's life and political career. It outlines his rise through the ranks of politics, from his early days in Congress to his time as Vice President under Dwight D. Eisenhower and eventually his presidency.

 Exhibit displays the events leading to the 1968 presidential election

The Kennedy assignation in 1963 

LBJ and the Vietnam War

After Robert Kennedy was assassinated in 1968 the USSS assigned protective details to party nominated or independent candidates and for the first time WHCA supported the USSS at every Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates rallies.

After several months of moving from city to city in this role, I found myself in California on election night. On that momentous occasion, I had the privilege of attending the election victory party for the nominee, Richard Nixon, held at the Century Plaza Hotel. The following morning, the nation awoke to the news that Richard Nixon had been declared the President-elect of the United States

President Nixon's Oval Office

In the Nixon Library is a replica of the Oval Office in the White House, where President Nixon made many of his most crucial decisions.

  President Nixon’s Oval Office

Replica of the Table behind the Presidents desk

Replica Exit to the West Colonnade and Rose Garden

The Apollo Exhibit

The Space Race gallery connects Nixon to NASA's missions. There's an Apollo 16 space suit reproduction, dehydrated pork and scallops astronaut food, and gift lunar landing cufflinks. 

  Apollo 11 display at the Nixon Library and Museum

 The Moon Walk 1969  

When Apollo 11 landed on the moon I was in New Delhi India preparing for President Nixon’s arrival on his first world tour since taking office in 1969. Since the Janpath Hotel in New Delhi did not have a radio or TV I had to read about its success in the Newspaper the next day.

A phone used by Nixon to call the Apollo 11 astronauts after they landed on the Moon may be on display (it occasionally goes on tour), along with a contingency speech drafted by speechwriter William Safire in case of a disastrous ending of the mission.

  The phone used by Present Nixon to call the Apollo 11 astronauts

The Western White House

A re-creation of President Nixon’s study at La Casa Pacifica immerses guests in the life of the working Western White House in San Clemente. In 1972 I was assigned to the Western White House.

 Re-creation of the  Presidents study at his home at San Clemente

From 1970 to early 1972 I was part of the WHCA Communications Detachment at the Western White House in San Clemente. The Detachment initially installed temporary service and then permanently provided communications for the President, First Family, and the White House Staff whenever they visited San Clemente. The Detachment also provided communications on many side trips in southern and northern CA.

The San Clemente Compound

Domestic and Foreign Policy

The library also highlights Nixon's domestic and foreign policy achievements. It explores his efforts to establish relations with China, and his role in ending the Vietnam War, his domestic policy initiatives, such as the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the implementation of wage and price controls.

The China Exhibit

The Library has extensive presentation on Nixon’s historic trip to China. The San Clemente CCT was sent to Guam where the President an staff spent overnight relaxing prior to the flight to mainland China. My team made up the core manpower to support the visit and provided all of the equipment . We set up the switchboard and Comm. Center in the Hotel that we were staying, the B/C/S FM base stations and  URT-28 HF Radio Equipment was temporarily installed at Anderson Air Force Base, Agana Guam.

President Nixon’s arrival in China

The President arrived on Guam and spent the night at the residents of Rear Adm. Pugh Residence, Commander of the U.S. Naval Forces, Mariana Islands. While the President was on the mainland we were held in reserve for any Personnel sickness or equipment malfunction, The team spent two weeks there without incident before we returned to San Clemente.

President Nixon is greeted By Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai 

WHCA ran daily communications tests every hour while the President was in China. These tests had predetermined times and HF frequencies, we tested both TTY and voice circuits back to the White House Signal switchboard.

The China exhibit exit (visiting the Great Wall)

Overall the trip went very well without any serious problems. The Opening of China would become one of President Nixon’s major accomplishments. WHCA would be awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation award for its performance for this trip.

Vietnam Exhibit Captured: Shot Down In Vietnam opened at the Nixon Library on May 24, 2023

During the Vietnam War, hundreds of American aviators were shot down, imprisoned, tortured, and beaten in North Vietnam. They experienced the harshest conditions imaginable as Prisoners of War.

Nixon Library’s Viet Nam Exhibit

Many US ground troops were also captured and imprisoned

For as many as eight long years, the Vietnam POWs stayed true to their mission and survived behind bars. They communicated through codes and raps on prison walls. They were unbelievably brave and resisted enemy tortures. Their families knew little of their fate. The peace agreement was formally signed on January 27, 1973.

                                   With the Paris Peace Accords, 591 U.S. prisoners of war came home                                                 to their families when the war ended in 1973.

From February 12 to April 4, 1973, there were 54 C-141 missions flying out of Hanoi, bringing the former POWs home. Each plane brought back 40 POWs. During the early part of Operation Homecoming, groups of POWs released were selected on the basis of the longest length of time in prison. The first group had spent 6-8 years as prisoners of war

Operation Homecoming

The Celebration of a joyful homecoming was held in a circus tent! On May 24, 1973 President and Mrs. Nixon hosted the largest dinner in White House history in honor of the Vietnam POWs. For the occasion, a colorful tent borrowed from a circus and larger than the White House itself was built on the South Lawn and the entertainment included some of the biggest Hollywood stars of the day including Sammy Davis, Jr., Bob Hope and John Wayne.                                                                                                            

1972 Campaign & Victory

 

Nixon’s landslide victory in the 1972 campaign provides a portal into the next gallery. A captured moment in time, scenic balloons hang frozen mid-fall above the path, and directly ahead guests hear words from Nixon’s second inaugural address,

Exhibit of 1972 Nixon/McGovern Election

In 1972 I was newly assigned to the Key Biscayne Communications Detachment just in time for the Republican Convention which was held in Miami at the Convention Center. WHCA already had a Radio network, Switchboard, and Comm Center in place because the Nixon’s already had a residence in Key Biscayne. The Detachment handled all secure traffic and voice communications throughout the entire Republican Convention including the White House staff. FM Radio communications, also provided the USSS protection details while supporting all presidential motorcades and other staff movements.

Map of Electoral College in the landslide 1972 election

On November 7, 1972, the Nixon/Agnew ticket was reelected in one of the largest landslides in American political history, taking more than 60 percent of the vote and won the Electoral College of every state but one crushing the Democratic nominee, Sen. George McGovern of South Dakota.

The President and his family visited Key Biscayne the day after the election to relax and celebrate the overwhelming victory! The Family along with Mr.’s Rebozo and Abplanalp spent the weekend aboard the Coco Lobo III and visiting the Ocean Reef Club at Key Largo FL. The President then returned to Washington to start his second term.

Watergate 

The Watergate scandal is a central focus of the library's exhibits. It provides a detailed look at the events surrounding the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the subsequent cover-up that led to Nixon's resignation. This section includes audio recordings, documents, and news footage that shed light on this dark chapter in American history.

The exhibit explores the personalities, actions, and intentions at the heart of the Watergate scandal, chronicles the events beginning in June 1971, with the leak of the Pentagon Papers and ending with President Nixon’s public explanations of Watergate after he left office. The content of the Watergate exhibit that opened at the Nixon Library in 2011 remains.

The Watergate Exhibit

It was shortly after the 1972 Presidential Election that things started to unravel for the Nixon White House.

The Watergate break-in was the beginning of the end of the Nixon Presidency and over the next two years the country listened to the relentless pursuit of proving the guilt that the White House was involved with a cover-up of this, and other illegal activities known as Watergate.

Early in the morning of June 17, 1972, several burglars were arrested inside the office of the Democratic National Committee (DNC), located in the Watergate building in Washington, D.C.

The Watergate break-in occurred a month prior to the Republican Convention: Miami Beach, FL August 21 to 23, 1972 and I never paid much attention to the incident because the Key Biscayne Detachment was concentrating on setting up communications required for the 1972 Republican Convention.

In February of 1973 the Senate voted (77-0) to create the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities. The Committee is chaired by Senator Sam Ervin (Democrat, North Carolina). His deputy is Senator Howard Baker (Republican, Tennessee) and Fred Thompson (Republican, Alabama).

The Senate Watergate Committee began public hearings on May 17, 1973, and began its nationally televised coverage the next day. Our lives began to change as we watched the daily broadcasts.

Exhibit of the locations where microphones were placed to record conversations
in the Oval Office, Camp David, and other locations

The most damaging testimony however: came from a most unsuspected source and would expose WHCA to very close scrutiny! On July 16, 1973, the nation was stunned to learn that President Richard Nixon had been recording his conversations in The White House. Alexander P. Butterfield, a former presidential appointments secretary, informed the Senate Committee of the White House taping system. He said that since 1971 President Nixon had recorded all conversations and telephone calls in his office and other locations where these recording systems were presumably set up by the White House Communications Agency and serviced by the Secret Service. Butterfield also revealed that President Nixon was recording all conversations in the oval office with his staff and others. The recordings were secret and very few people knew about them.

The Watergate scandal would ultimately be President Richard Nixon’s undoing, leading to his resignation in 1974

President Nixon's Presidential Limo

The U.S. governments limousine on display was used by President Nixon throughout his presidency, a customized 1965 Lincoln Continental. This Lincoln Continental limousine was used by Presidents Johnson, Nixon, Ford, and Carter.

After the assassination of President Kennedy, additional armor and a fixed hard roof was added to the car, and it was used by Lyndon Johnson until it was replaced by two 1965 Lincoln Continental Executive limousines.

  Stagecoach  the President's Limousine

In 1969, President Richard Nixon received a new Lincoln Continental, with its hard top fitted with a sunroof, through which Nixon could wave to people during motorcades. The President could stand through the sunroof that was cut into the roof of the Presidential limousine. Should the President wish to become more visible he could push a button and raise the rear seat by more than 10 inches and if he wanted to stand and wave, he could hold onto a chrome bar. This sunroof was one of several modifications made after the car's rebuild in the wake of President John F. Kennedy's assassination.

The rear of the vehicle with retractable platforms and hand holds

Other modifications were Armor plating built into the walls, floor, and roof, All of the windows were made of bullet proof glass, that was eight panes thick, making it capable of stopping a machine gun attack. Even the tires made of aluminum metal coated with rubber. Protection came in the form of retractable platforms and hand holds for a full crew of Secret Service agents, so that the car could get out of trouble fast as it had Ford’s most powerful 430 in. V8. WHCA also equipped the limo with twin, two way radio telephones. The President could use these to call anywhere in the world. When all modifications were complete the car weighed in incredible 5 tons

President Nixon’s “Sea King” helicopter

One of the museum’s highlights is President Nixon’s “Sea King” helicopter. The helicopter was in the presidential fleet from 1961 to 1976, transporting Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, and many foreign heads of state and government. The Sea King was operated and maintained by the Army and when the President was on board it was “Army One. Perhaps his most famous use of the helicopter was his last, on August 9, 1974. On that day, President Nixon resigned and flew in the helicopter from the South Lawn of the White House to Andrews Air Force Base, where he boarded Air Force One for a flight to his private residence in San Clemente, California.

 Army One 

In 1976 President Jimmy Carter, as a cost cutting move, disbanded the Army’s Executive Flight Detachment and Army One was retired. Former White House helicopter pilot LTC Gene Boyer found where Army One was mothballed and led a team of volunteers that restored the helicopter for the Nixon Presidential Library.

The Nixon Memorial Garden.

Beyond the exhibits, the library boasts lovely grounds that include beautiful gardens, a reflection pool, and a memorial site where Richard and Pat Nixon are buried.

The original farmhouse where President Nixon was born is just a few steps away from his final resting place in the Nixon Memorial Garden.

President and Mrs. Nixon are buried on the grounds, just a few feet from his birthplace

Their final resting place in the Nixon Memorial Garden.

President Richard Nikon’s headstone   

 First Lady Patricia Nixon’s headstone 

In conclusion, the Nixon Presidential Library and Birthplace offers a comprehensive and informative experience for visitors interested in the life and presidency of Richard Nixon. It provides a balanced portrayal of his achievements and challenges, and the exhibits are well-curated to offer historical context and perspective. Whether you are a history enthusiast or simply curious about this period in American politics, the library is worth a visit for its educational value and the opportunity to explore the legacy of one of the nation's most complex presidents.

Even though I have never toured the Nixon Presidential Library and Birthplace, I have personal experiences participating in many actives that occurred while I supported President Nixon during my time served with the White House Communications Agency.